Articles Posted in Probate

Thumbnail image for Last Will and Testament 1.jpgProbate can have the reputation of being a nightmare, and many hate the idea of going through this process. If the idea of transferring your assets through probate daunts you, then you will be happy to know that living trusts can avoid probate. The probate process is usually more expensive and time consuming than having a living trust set up to transfer assets. Moreover, a living trust has many more advantages than skipping probate. An estate-planning attorney can discuss with you the specific advantages that a living trust will bring to your estate plan and can assist you with setting up one to effectively address your needs and the needs of your beneficiaries. Meanwhile, here are 6 general benefits of using a living trust in your estate plan.

BENEFIT #1: A living trust can protect the assets in the trust for certain beneficiaries.

Sometimes, the intended beneficiaries are not capable to handle their full inheritance. For example, many states do not allow minors to own property. And even if a child was old enough to receive property legally, a full inheritance can detriment the child by tempting him to quit school or start an early retirement. Moreover, there are those beneficiaries who will spend all their inheritance at their first opportunity. A living trust can prevent any of these scenarios by allowing you to appoint a trustee to keep your assets for the benefit of your beneficiaries. The trustee would invest the assets in your trust for your beneficiaries’ benefit until they are capable of handling their inheritance.

Over the last year I worked with an intern in our office of a Law Review article for Texas Tech University. This article describes problems with current estate planning and takes the premise that most estate planners have become lazy because of advancements in technology. That is, most only ask their clients about issues that their software is capable of addressing. We identify 6 primary areas that are not addressed in most estate plans:

  1. Firearms;
  2. Digital Assets;
  3. Asset Protection;
  4. Life Planning;
  5. Controlling from the Grave; and
  6. Pets

The citation for the article is
David Goldman & Charles Jamison, The Future of Estate Planning: The Multigenerational Life Plan, 5 Est. Plan. & Community Prop. L. J. 1 (2012).
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FreeFloridaProbateHandbook-small-thumb.jpgThe grapevine is full of rumors about probate. Some of them are true, but many of them are more than misguided. The fact that each state has a different probate procedure makes the process harder to understand. If you want to get a general grasp about some basic rules of probate in Florida, then this blog is for you. However, you should discuss the facts of your case with an estate-planning attorney before deciding whether or not probate is a viable option for your estate plan or if you are faced with going through this process.

1. Estate Taxes vs. Probate Fees – Estate taxes are paid to the IRS if an estate exceeds a specific dollar limit, which varies each year. For example, in 2012 estate taxes were owed for estates that exceeded $5,120,000. Probate fees are paid to the attorney and executor (a.k.a personal representative) of an estate for any assets that go through probate. Additionally, there are filing fees needed to be paid to the probate court and appraisal fees for estate assets.

2. Compensation for Executor – An executor is entitled to a commission payable from the estate assets without court order as compensation for ordinary services. The commission will be based on the compensable value of the estate, which is the inventory value of the probate estate assets and the income earned by the estate during administration. A commission computed on the compensable value of the estate is presumed to be reasonable compensation for an executor in formal administration as follows:

  • a. At the rate of 3% for the first $1 million.
  • b. At the rate of 2.5% for all above $1 million and not exceeding $5 million.
  • c. At the rate of 2% for all above $5 million and not exceeding $10 million.
  • d. At the rate of 1.5% for all above $10 million.

3. Probate Bond – Probate bonds are used to ensure the accuracy and fairness of a probate proceeding. They are a type of security bond taken out by the executor of an estate entering probate and are used to ensure that the value of an estate will not be altered by the executor. A probate bond is typically used in estates that have no Will to direct the distributions of the assets, or when there is reason to believe that decedent was incompetent during the creation of his or her Will. All bonds required will be for the sum that the courts deems sufficient after consideration of the gross value of the estate, the relationship of the executor to the beneficiaries, exempt property and family allowances, the type and nature of the assets in the estate, known creditors, and liens and encumbrances on the assets.

vacancy.pngEvery trust needs at least one trustee to administer the trust and to carry on its terms. If a person designated as a trustee ceases to act as one, then a vacancy in the trust occurs and it might need to be filled. Succession of trustees is perhaps one of the most common occurrences in the administration of a trust. A succession of trustee can be done by the terms of the trust, by the beneficiaries, or by appointment of the court. The overriding concept is that if one trustee ceases to act for any reason, the result depends upon the circumstances of each case. This is why it is wise to consult an estate-planning attorney to analyze all the factors affecting your case and assist you with this issue.

1. When does a vacancy occur?

A vacancy in a trusteeship occurs in the following circumstances:

document.pngThis process lets someone who paid for a decedent’s final expenses, from the funeral or from the last illness, to be reimbursed from the assets of the decedent’s estate. This process is only available if the decedent did not leave any real estate and the only assets in the estate are either exempt from creditor’s claims or do not exceed the total amount of the final expenses. Although this process avoids probate, it might be impractical in some cases. For example, this process can open the assets of decedent’s estate to the claims of creditors, can have less favorable tax benefits, and there is a risk of unintentionally disinheriting some children from one spouse but not of both spouses. Therefore, it is important to consult with a Florida probate lawyer to help you consider the variables in your case and make an informed decision.

To apply for this process and request reimbursement, you file a form called “Disposition of Personal Property Without Administration.” This form is available from the clerk of the court and on many Florida circuit courts’ websites. There’s a small filing fee; call ahead or check the court’s website to find out the exact cost. The following is a list of the things needed to file for this process and the procedure involved in it.

What You Need

  • Petition of disposition without administration: Three pages and notarized.
  • Certified death certificate.
  • If decedent has a will, then the original will has to be filed with the verified statement unless previously filed.
  • Copy of paid funeral bill.
  • Copy of paperwork showing decedent’s assets, i.e. copy of stocks, bank statement, etc.
  • Copy of last sixty days’ medical expenses with receipts.
  • Consents of any additional heirs with address and notarized signature, or death certificate, if applicable.
  • Statement regarding creditors.
  • Filing fee (call ahead or check the circuit court’s website to find out the exact cost)
  • An Affidavit stating that decedent was never married and did not have children may be required, if applicable.

chess.pngThere are to main types of probate administration in Florida: summary administration and formal administration. Summary administration can only be used when the total value of decedent’s assets subject to probate are $75,000 or less, or when the decedent has been dead for more than two years. Formal administration is used for all other estates or whenever a personal representative is required for other purposes.

SUMMARY ADMINISTRATION

Steps

Below is a summary of the more common ways that property is transferred in the state of Florida when someone dies.

housepuzzle.pngSomebody just died leaving you an interest in a piece of property. To reclaim your interest in the property you must prove that you own it by documenting the transfer from the estate of the decedent to you. The procedure involved varies depending on the interest held on the property by the decedent, and on many other factors.

Joint Tenancy with Rights of Survivorship

Thumbnail image for probate.jpgWhen someone dies, his or her assets will not necessarily be distributed automatically to those entitled to them. If a person dies with a Will that devises his or her assets to you, then probate is necessary to carry out the instructions of the Will. Similarly, probate becomes necessary when a person dies owning anything in his or her name individually. This blog discusses the things that you need to receive your devised or inherited property that is in Florida and the process involved.

INGREDIENTS

  • Decedent’s original Will.
  • The Will’s self proving affidavit. If it is not available, then an oath from one of the following will be required: a witness to the Will, the nominated personal representative, or any disinterested person who believes the Will is genuine.
  • Probate’s filing fee and advertising costs. These fees vary based on the type of proceeding and county of the decedent’s residence.

greenhouse.pngYou can transfer ownership of your real estate property through probate, or by signing an instrument known as a deed.1 Using a deed to transfer ownership of your real estate allows you to bypass probate, but there are some risks associated with this alternative. This blog discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using a deed to transfer ownership of your real estate property.

Advantages of Using a Deed to Transfer Ownership

  1. A transfer by deed can allow you to reserve the right to use the real estate property transferred for the remainder of your lifetime: There are different types of deeds that can be used to transfer property and each one of them serve a different purpose. Some deeds, like the life estate deed, allow you to transfer ownership of your real estate property while reserving you the right to use the property for the remainder of your lifetime.

What happens if I die without a will in Florida?

Florida probate law has changed recently with regard to people who die intestate (without a will) and are married.

If you have no descendants, your entire intestate estate will go to your spouse. This does not typically include your home or other non-probate assets.

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